5. A safety net for all?

Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion, 2025

Map of population at risk of povery in Europe

Source: Eurostat (2026), Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion by age and sex, https://doi.org/10.2908/ILC_PEPS01N (Accessed on 16/04/2026)

Countries with Conditional Cash Transfers, 2018

Source: Based on World Bank (2018), “Appendix C, Table C.1, Conditional Cash Transfers and Unconditional Cash Transfers” in The State of Social Safety Nets 2018. Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29115 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
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